The Veer from Frontier Economics to Eco-development Paradigm: Approaches, Policies and Strategies of Sustainable Development - The Case of Environmental Governance in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
21-29
Received:
19 February 2019
Accepted:
28 March 2019
Published:
26 June 2019
Abstract: Ethiopia is one of the richest countries in natural resource endowment. Nevertheless, due to pressures from socioeconomic changes coupled with improper governance practices the country has been threatened by prolonged resource degradation with subsequent results. This paper was sought to assess paradigms, approaches, and strategies for sustainable development in case of environmental governance in Ethiopia. To achieve this objective, published and unpublished professional literature including important policy documents were reviewed. The institutional based environmental governance for sustainable use of natural resources in Ethiopia was started at the late of 19th C while Minilik II established central Government. The natural resource laws during Italian occupation (1936-41) focused on selection of economic forest and use-oriented paradigm. As a result natural resources were exploited in destructive way under a condition where there was no ownership. The environmental governance thinking/paradigm/ during the Haile Silassie regime was almost similar to previous one; frontier economics, rather than being ecological oriented. The misperception to natural resources; misguided intervention and irrational land distribution and tenure insecurity have led intensive natural degradation. After the Derg regime took the power, all natural resources were nationalized and governed through application of centralized frontier economics based on socialism ideology. Frequent redistribution of land, resettlement and villagization; involuntary participation of community weakened the effects of natural resource management practices applied during Derg regime. Political instability and civil war had its own sizable challenge on environmental governance. The environmental governance ideology, during EPRDF has been veered from pure frontier economics to Eco-development. Environmental issues have been handled by independent institutions through decentralized and local-community based approaches. Additionally, different bylaws and sustainable development strategies have been adopted by current government to handle environmental issues and have environmentally sustainable and green economic growth. However, still now, environmental governance is not successful and faces challenges from institutional instability; inadequate capacity and political commitment, feeble policy implementation &geophysical variables. Thus, all responsible bodies and key actors must work jointly to overcome challenges of environmental governance and realize environmentally sustainable development.
Abstract: Ethiopia is one of the richest countries in natural resource endowment. Nevertheless, due to pressures from socioeconomic changes coupled with improper governance practices the country has been threatened by prolonged resource degradation with subsequent results. This paper was sought to assess paradigms, approaches, and strategies for sustainable ...
Show More
The Use of Mixed Oil Coating for Upgrading Borneo Brown Coal
Herliati Rahman,
Jaka Suryajaya Pratama,
Rifka Kurnia Erviana
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
30-33
Received:
5 July 2019
Accepted:
7 August 2019
Published:
2 September 2019
Abstract: Indonesia (Borneo) is an essential producer of coal in the world. Unfortunately, the resulting coal type is mostly in the low-rank, which called brown coal. This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of mixed oil coating to upgrade Borneo brown coal in terms of caloric value and water re-absorption. The additive material used to enhance brown coal is blended oil, such as used cooking oil and waste lubricant in various ratios. Coal samples were crushed and screening to obtain the required size 10 - 20 mesh ranges for analyses and experimentations. Each 50 g samples blended with the used cooking oil (UCO) and waste lubricant oil (WLO) at various ratios. Evaluation of thermal heat values and water re-absorption characteristics of original and coated coal have done. Compared to the first fuel, thermal heat values of coated coal were significantly improved. The result showed that coated coal has a resistance to water re-absorption. Also, the effect of mixed oil coating is highly significant to have high isothermal oxidation due to suppression of active functional groups to oxygen in the air. The study results also showed that increasing caloric value and lowering water content can be achieved significantly by this additive mixed oil.
Abstract: Indonesia (Borneo) is an essential producer of coal in the world. Unfortunately, the resulting coal type is mostly in the low-rank, which called brown coal. This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of mixed oil coating to upgrade Borneo brown coal in terms of caloric value and water re-absorption. The additive material used to enhance brown c...
Show More
